The （ ） is a general description of the architecture of a workflow management system used by the WFMC, in which the main components and the associated interfaces are summarized.The workflow enactment service is the heart of a workflow system which consists of several （-）.
A、waterfall model
B、workflow reference model
C、evolutionary model
D、spiral model
工作流參考模型是國際工作流管理聯(lián)盟WFMC采用的、對工作流管理系統(tǒng)體系結構的一個通用的描述。在這個模型里，概括總結了主要的構件和相互關聯(lián)的接口。工作流設定的服務是工作流系統(tǒng)的核心，這個核心由若干個工作流引擎驅動。

The project maintains a current and approved set of requirements over the life of the project by doing the following: （ ）all changes to the requirements? Maintaining the relationships among the requirements, the project plans, and the work products.
A、Monitoring
B、Managing
C、Gathering
D、Reducing
在項目的生命周期里，項目通過如下措施維持一個最新的、經批準的需求集合：
　　• 管理對需求的變更。
　　• 維持需求、項目計劃和工作產品之間的關聯(lián)。
　　• ……

The receiving activities conduct analyses of the requirements with the requirements provider to ensure that a compatible, shared understanding is reached on the meaning of the requirements. The result of this analysis and dialog is an （ ） set of requirements.
A、agreed-to
B、agree-to
C、agree-to-do
D、agree-with
這些可以接受的活動分析了需求提供者的需求，以確定對需求的含義有一個一致的、共同的理解。

During the project, requirements change for a variety of reasons. As needs change and as work proceeds, additional requirements are derived and changes may have to be made to the existing requirements. It is essential to manage these additions and changes efficiently and effectively. To effectively analyze the impact of the changes, it is necessary that the source of each requirement is known and the rationale for any change is documented.The project manager may, however, want to track appropriate measures of requirements volatility to judge whether new or revised （ ） are necessary.
A、proceedings
B、controls
C、forecasting's
D、prelibations
在一個項目的生命周期內，有多種原因可以引起對需求的變更。當需要發(fā)生變更而工作正在進行時，可導致新的需求產生并迫使現(xiàn)有的需求發(fā)生變更。需要快速而有效地管理這些新的需求和新的變更。為了有效地分析這些變更的影響，必須確定每一個需求源，并記錄變更的基本過程。無論如何，項目經理希望能追蹤有關需求穩(wěn)定性的、恰當?shù)拇胧?，以判斷是否需要新的或修正的控制措施?

Risk management allows the project manager and the project team not to （ ）.
A、eliminate most risks during the planning phase of the project
B、identify project risks
C、identify impacts of various risks
D、plan suitable responses
下面不屬于風險管理中項目經理和項目團隊職責的是（ ）。
A、排除大部分項目執(zhí)行中的風險
B、風險識別
C、風險分析
D、妥善處理